The endeavor to persist in its own being is the essence of the individual thing.
Baruch Spinoza’s concept of The Absolute is rooted in his idea of Substance, which he equates with God or Nature (Deus sive Natura). According to Spinoza, there is only one infinite, self-sustaining reality—this single Substance—which is the foundation of all existence. Everything else (individual things, thoughts, and events) is simply a mode or expression of this Substance.
Key Aspects of Spinoza’s Absolute:
Absolute Unity – Spinoza rejected dualism (such as Descartes' mind-body split) and argued that everything is a manifestation of the same underlying reality. There is only one Substance, and nothing exists outside of it.
**God = Nature = The Absolute** – His God is not a personal deity but an impersonal, infinite reality that expresses itself through everything that exists. This is a radical form of pantheism.
Infinite Attributes – The Absolute (or God/Nature) has infinite attributes, but humans can only comprehend two: thought and extension (mind and matter). Other attributes exist, but they are beyond human perception.
**Necessity & Determinism** – The Absolute operates with absolute necessity. Everything happens according to the necessary laws of its nature, meaning there is no true free will—only the unfolding of God/Nature’s essence.
Immanence, Not Transcendence – Unlike traditional religious views where God is separate from the world, Spinoza’s Absolute is immanent—it is the world, the mind, the universe, and all reality itself.
Intellectual Love of God – The highest form of human enlightenment comes from understanding this absolute reality and aligning oneself with it, which he calls the amor intellectualis Dei (intellectual love of God). This is a form of self-realization where one sees all things as necessary expressions of the Absolute.
In short, Spinoza’s Absolute is an infinite, necessary, and self-caused reality, identical with the totality of existence. His vision dissolves the divide between God and the world, portraying reality as a single, unified whole governed by eternal laws.