‘Actual entities-—also termed ‘actual occasions’—are the final real things of which the world is made up. There is no going behind actual entities to find anything more real. They differ among themselves : God is an actual entity, and so is the most trivial puff of existence in far-off empty space.
The explanatory purpose of philosophy is often misunderstood. Its business is to explain the emergence of the more abstract things from the more concrete things. It is a complete mistake to ask how concrete particular fact can be built up out of universals. The answer is, ‘In no way. The true philosophic question® is, How can concrete fact exhibit entities abstract from itself and yet participated in by its own nature?
In other words, philosophy is explanatory of abstraction, and not of concreteness. It is by reason of their instinctive grasp of this ultimate truth that, in spite of much association with arbitrary fancifulness and atavistic mysticism, types of Platonic philosophy retain their abiding appeal; they seek the forms in the facts. (p24-25)
I. The Category of the Ultimate. II. Categories, of Existence. III. Categories of Explanation. IV. Categoreal Obligations.
Whitehead, a Cambridge-educated mathematical logician turned physicist and philosopher, developed a “philosophy of organism” in which the universe is not built of point-instants in a geometric manifold but of living agents-in-relation. For him, the ultimate units of reality are “actual occasions of experience,” momentary pulses of becoming that inherit from the past and create the future. Each occasion prehends, or feels, others.
....he defined prehension as a noncognitive form of experiential togetherness. In *Process and Reality *(1929), prehension receives a more systematic treatment and becomes the generic process by which actual entities integrate and transform the influences of the past and the possibilities of the future into the present immediacy of their becoming. It names the way the process of reality feels its way forward moment by moment. Prehension is not simply a theory about our knowledge of reality—it is part of a description of reality (including our knowledge) as a nexus feelings.
Are we to say that its quantifiable shape and mass (or that of its molecules) are primary material realities, while the qualities of its shade and felt warmth are secondary mental additions irrelevant to nature? Whitehead refuses to sever the mental from the physical, since after all it is with our own physical bodies that we perceive the world around us.
As with any philosophical hypothesis prehension is a wager that comes with potential risks and rewards. If successful, it resolves longstanding problems related not only to perception but also to causation, emotion, memory, purpose, and knowledge—all by way of a single imaginative generalization.
Whitehead’s introduction of God is not a matter of religious worship but a philosophical attempt to make good on the ontological principle: that every potential has to be prehended by an actual entity, even those not yet realized in the physical world. For Whitehead, God, or the everlasting macrocosmic concrescence, performs precisely this function. But the theological ingredient in Whitehead’s metaphysics need not be read as identical with classical theism. The process God is not to be treated as a ruling Caesar or ruthless moralist, but as an ideal lure toward future harmonies uniquely tailored to the local spatiotemporal condition of each occasion.
I'm reading this on my phone under a mosquito net in the jungle after a nightlong ayahuasca ceremony and it is SO fucking good. Thanks, Matt.